Which element is not required for witness interference?

Witness interference, often categorized under obstruction of justice, involves actions taken to prevent or influence a witness from providing truthful testimony. The elements usually associated with this offense include threatening, inducing, or otherwise harassing a witness.

The option noting random chance encounters is correct because it does not constitute an element necessary for witness interference. Such encounters lack intent. Witness interference typically involves deliberate actions aimed at subverting the witness’ ability to testify or influencing their testimony. Simply encountering a witness by chance does not imply any intent to interfere.

On the other hand, threatening physical injury, promising anything of value, and intimidating or harassing the witness are all proactive behaviors that reflect an attempt to influence a witness's actions or statements, thus fulfilling the necessary criteria for a charge of witness interference. In contrast, random chance encounters do not demonstrate such intent or action, establishing why this element is not required for witness interference.